The United Nations And the European Union Essay

The United Nations And the European Union - Essay Example This paper announces that the productivity of EU’s counter-psychological warfare activities is additionally exceptionally flawed. By and large, the EU doesn’t bolster the US idea of a ‘war on terror’ and will in general reprimand the US approach as profoundly military driven and overactive. The EU has embraced delicate methodology of approvals and political weight. The European governments are exceptionally stressed over the result of their enemy of psychological oppression approaches on their Muslim populace which establishes around 16 to 21 million of by and large EU’s populace. This paper makes an end that both the UN and EU have assumed an essential job in peacekeeping procedure on a worldwide and provincial level. The finish of cold war is set apart as the change time frame for both the associations regarding their peacekeeping tasks and international strategies. The rise of worldwide psychological oppression, developing intrastate clashes, rising atomic expansion, change of worldwide political framework from unipolarity to multipolarity as of late, globalization, and developing financial disparity are a portion of the significant basic weights which activated advancements in both the foundations. Notwithstanding extreme reconstruction, the UN and EU have huge inadequacies in their structure and defects in their strategies. The viability of their peacekeeping activities is fairly restricted. So as to protect aggregate security and worldwide harmony, it is fundamental for both these essential associations to change their approaches and receive viable measu res to overcome present defects in their practical structure.

Success Plan Free Essays

Running Head: My Success Plan UNIV100-3104B-13 Colorado Technical University For: Professor Bryant Neal Phase 5 IP By: Amber Light Date: 12/19/2011 Abstract Finding an arrangement is a crucial key to school achievement. What works for me may not really work for the following individual. This will expect me to know myself and my learning capacities. We will compose a custom paper test on Achievement Plan or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The accompanying paper will direct me to my general intend to prevail in school. I will have the option to understand my qualities and shortcoming, alongside perceiving impediments that will come up that may make hindrances for me to finish the main job. While I realize that the way to progress isn't simple and bends will be tossed my direction, having an answer for those bends will fix the street once more, making it just that a lot simpler to see that the end is close. By realizing these things ahead of time it will just better my chances of accomplishing my short and long haul objectives that I will set. Achievement Strategy Plan Step 1: Student Success Strategies Choosing to go to school implies that you are deciding to make a responsibility, being an understudy is an all day work. Between task cutoff times, posting on conversation loads up, tuning in/partaking in live visits, or perusing your week after week sections you can envision the pressure loads fire accumulating; however particularly in the event that you as of now have a bustling calendar. I am a full time single parent. I have an astounding multi year old, that I live for and I will kick the bucket for. He is my motivation and inspiration all enveloped with one. While he will help me through my excursion (since I need to be a superior individual for him, and having an instruction prompts being a superior individual), he will likewise consistently start things out to a higher learning. Having a solid inspiration is of most extreme significance to finding motivation to prevail in school. My inspiration is straightforward, I gaze at him consistently I can. On going to class and bringing up a kid, I am additionally utilized full time as a client support supervisor at a nearby supermarket. While my considerations are proportional down on the quantity of hours I work, I additionally am getting called week by week to help fill different movements. Therefore, I have needed to figure out how to manage dealing with my time all the more adequately. Something I discovered was that with an expanded measure of things sticking around for my chance, I will in general overlook a great deal of them except if I record them. On the off chance that I don’t record what I have to do, I in all likelihood overlook. In this manner, claiming and utilizing an organizer is likely the most ideal approach to oversee one’s time. I have additionally viewed that there are similarly as an excessive number of things going on in my life to perhaps do everything (I. e. family occasions, excursions with companions). In this way, it is critical to have the option to state â€Å"no,† and not over-submit myself. Recollecting that contemplating is a top need, and adhering to making school work higher on the â€Å"to-do† list than all the pleasant things I could be doing rather is incredibly troublesome. Focusing on school and organizing different exercises around that will unavoidably compare to a higher GPA, more achievement, and a more extravagant, all the more compensating time in school. Obviously, I additionally need to recollect that having a fabulous time is essential to remaining sound. All work with no play prompts burnout, not really achievement. In this way, I will intend to have one day seven days where my arrangement will include nothing to accomplish with work or school. I can focus on having a decent day with my most astonishing child. By consolidating these procedures into my life I am guaranteed to arrive at my drawn out objective of completing school and getting that immensely significant bit of paper; a degree. Inspiration is the key factor in the achievement of anything. On the off chance that you aren’t inspired, you genuinely need to wonder why you are experiencing the worries of finishing it. When you have discovered an inspiration, dealing with your time successfully gets urgent to your prosperity. Effective time the board implies you’re ready to join the entirety of the assignments you are handling, while at the same time doing it as well as could be expected. In the wake of finding the most ideal approach to deal with my time, it is essential for me to have a great time. This isn't just for my rational soundness, yet in addition for the delight of my child. He despite everything should be the focal point of my work. His satisfaction includes doing fun things with his Mommy. Accomplishment in these three territories will without a doubt make a helpful street for prompting my ultimate objective. I had a solid tendency from the earliest starting point of what it will take for me to be effective. The greatest battle for me will figure out how to live on less pay. I have just decreased the measure of hours I am taking a shot at a standard premise, yet in what manner will I discover that I can’t purchase the things I am regularly used to having. At the point when my companions come to me and state, â€Å"Amber, let’s go out tonight† will I have the option to state I can’t on the grounds that I don’t have the methods. I should remain solid and consistent with my financial plan so as to make this part of my life balance in a manner that is advantageous to my accomplishment in school. I know the kind of individual I am may prompt me saying, â€Å"Just work more. † But I additionally realize that the least focused on I feel about finishing ventures/tutoring, the happier the result of those assignments I am finishing. It appeared as if there were many understudies that were in a similar vessel as me, occupied calendars and attempting to devote themselves in a couple of various bearings. The most redundant reaction was â€Å"don’t neglect to make time for you. † I have consistently been a caring individual, putting me initially has never been a need. I figure at times doing this will without a doubt lead to me being an increasingly effective understudy. I simply need to recollect that putting me first will prompt a superior life for my child too. Achievement Strategy Plan Step 2: Self-Assessment Goal-Setting Strengths Self-inspiration has never been hard for me. Notwithstanding, things have occurred in my life that has slowed down my completing school. I have been on a consistent track to improving a few parts of my life for an a long time now, yet it wasn’t until I had my child that I truly centered around what I expected to do to improve as an individual. With the end goal for me to set the models I need my child to follow in, I expected to complete school. Once in a while having that internal inspiration isn’t enough, you need it tossed before you to acknowledge how significant something is. My child gives me that additional drive to be as well as can be expected be, on the grounds that I never need to bomb him. Being a student is a decision. I generally delighted in school and appreciated doing great in school. Having an adoration for learning is something that will consistently give me that drive to keep on getting the hang of, needing to learn will thus prompt achievement. It’s a drive that few out of every odd individual will have, however deciding to be a real existence student is a piece of the accomplishment of being a decent understudy. Deciding to take online classes takes order, association, and core interest. Realizing when to contemplate is a key to accomplishment in these classes. It isn't the perfect time when the entire family is coming over, or your multi year old is simply returning home from school. Booking opportunity for your contemplating will just better your odds to doing admirably in school. Centering is a vital aspect for understanding what you are realizing. On the off chance that you can't center, you won't grasp. I am in tuned with my learning propensities, I comprehend what works best for me when attempting to get the hang of: planning. Adhering to what I definitely know, will just better my odds of completing my degree. Building up this on a week after week premise will assist me with dealing with my opportunity as well as could be expected, so that toward the week's end notwithstanding any significant mishaps I won't be attempting to get something finished. Stalling is the greatest adversary with regards to being effective at school. Shortcomings Hairsplitting is my destruction, an errand that should just take me 30 minutes (like making value signs at work), can take me 1 †2 hours. Fortunately, I am solid at performing multiple tasks so I am accomplishing something beyond this one assignment. It eases back me down massively. Along these lines, I must be considerably more in tuned with my week by week plan so my hairsplitting doesn’t lead to me not finishing task in a convenient issue. This characteristic prompts another shortcoming, hardheadedness. I create in my mind what I anticipate that something should be, and won’t stop until I get it there. Hardheadedness now and again can likewise be iewed as quality since I am reluctant to acknowledge whatever doesn’t equivalent what I need so it gives me that additional drive to succeed. The most alarming shortcoming I convey is my modesty. It’s peculiar I am not bashful with regards to managing things that I am extremely alright with, yet put me in an awkward circumstance and I hush. This is most likely due to a limited extent to my hairsplitting too in light of the fact that I am terrified to commit an error, or to some extent say something that doesn’t come out flawlessly. It’s all in part of being OK with myself. Realizing that what I do is as well as can be expected do. In the event that I give it 110% that is everything I can request, and if it’s not to my Professors norms than I essentially need to take the analysis he/she gave me and use it toward making my next task/test positive. Openings Opportunities present themselves to me regularly. On the off chance that you don’t make the most of the open doors given to us there is nobody to fault however yourself. I have been honored with an extremely solid nuclear family. They astound me throughout each and every day. Without the unrestricted adoring help of my family I unquestionably wouldn’t be the place I am at today. Notwithstanding in the event that it is getting my child from school since I am busy working, or taking my child so I can focus on school for a couple of hours; on the off chance that I request assist they with coming running. I can generally check of them; it is their objective to see me prevail also. The school itself star

IELTS Essay Samples For Different Languages

IELTS Essay Samples For Different LanguagesThere are a variety of IELTS essay samples available for download. Having taken the test myself, I have tried them all and have found that a well-written essay is a very important part of passing the test.It is often said that no syllabus is complete without some sort of essay in it. IELTS requires you to write a coherent and convincing essay. So, if you want to take the test with confidence, you should know what the test is looking for.I got to studying by writing essays, but I decided to do a study guide to practice my writing skills before going on to the actual test. Since the exam consists of nine parts, each with its own essay, you will need to be able to write an essay in three different languages. These are Spanish, French and German.The good news is that you can learn Spanish very quickly. It's an easier language to learn than the others, and you won't have any problems listening or speaking the language. You can read books on it as well and use an audio course, a CD or even an MP3 player. To help you learn it, I have listed below two free samples that you can use.The second foreign language is German. German is spoken in many different countries, so the majority of people who take the test will probably speak English, so they don't get a lot of time to practise speaking the language.The second step to ensure you get the best results when studying for the exam is to take a practice exam, and then use the English or the German test so that you can get the most out of your preparation. One of the best ways to do this is to find a free online ESL course.Since there are four languages to learn, this makes sense to help you build up your ability to speak the language. Plus, they come with sample lesson plans so that you can get your skills sharp and improve them.An exam like IELTS gives the exam taker a measure of their potential. They are called the bridge exam, and they are designed to measure how well students c an cope with English at a local level. You can be sure that the more confident you are when speaking a language, the better you will do when taking the test.

Quotes from Arthur Rimbauds Surrealist Writing

Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (1854 -1891) was a French writer and poet, best known for his surrealist writings, including Le Bateau Ivre (), Soleil et Chair (Sun and Flesh) and Saison dEnfer (Season in Hell). He published his first poem at the age of 16, but stopped writing altogether by the age of 21. Rimbauds writings contain references to the bohemian lifestyle he led when he lived in Paris, including his scandalous affair with the married poet Paul Verlaine. After several years of on-again, off-again, their relationship ended with Verlaine in jail for shooting Rimbaud in the wrist. It seems Rimbaud earned the nickname lenfant terrible which was bestowed on him by Paris society. Despite the turmoil and drama of his personal life, Rimbaud continued to write insightful, visionary poems that belied his young age during his time in Paris. After he abruptly ended his career as a poet, for reasons which are still unclear, Rimbaud traveled the world, traveling to England,  Germany and Italy, then enlisted in and deserted the Dutch army. His travels took him to Vienna, then to Egypt and Cyprus, Ethiopia and Yemen, becoming one of the first Europeans to visit that country. Verlaine edited and published Rimbauds Poesies completes after Rimbauds death from cancer. Although he only wrote for a brief period, Rimbaud has been a significant influence on French modern literature and art, as he strove through his writing to create an entirely new kind of creative language. Here are a few quotes from the translated work of Arthur Rimbaud: And again: No more gods! No more gods! Man is King, Man is God! - But the great Faith is Love! —Soleil et Chair (1870) But, truly, I have wept too much! The Dawns are heartbreaking. Every moon is atrocious and every sun bitter. —Le Bateau Ivre (1871) I am the slave of my baptism. Parents, you have caused my misfortune, and you have caused your own. —Saison dEnfer, Nuit de lEnfer (1874) Idle youth, enslaved to everything; by being too sensitive I have wasted my life. —Song of the Highest Tower (1872) Life is the farce which everyone has to perform. — Saison en Enfer, Mauvais Sang One evening I sat Beauty on my knees - And I found her bitter - And I reviled her. —Saison en Enfer, prologue. Only divine love bestows the keys of knowledge. — Une Saison en Enfer, Mauvais Sang The Sun, the hearth of affection and life, pours burning love on the delighted earth. —Soleil et Chair What a life! True life is elsewhere. We are not in the world. — Une Saison en Enfer: Nuit de L’Enfer

The Great War Was A Cause Of World War I - 979 Words

The Great War was a result of our leader’s aggression towards other countries which brought about and supported the rising of nationalism of the different nations. Imperial competition and the fear of war prompted our military alliances to get ready for war. Nationalism was a cause of World War I. Nationalism could have been explained as an extreme form of patriotism and loyalty to your county, nationalism placed the all of their interested above all the other countries and thought that somehow they were better in many ways then others. If you were nationalism you were given excessive confidence in your nation, as well as the governments and you’re military. The government always let the people know that their country was fair, righteous and without blame. Nationalist ideas demonized rival nations, caricaturing them as aggressive, scheming, deceitful, backward or uncivilized. They convinced many citizens their nation was being threatened by the plotting, scheming and hungry imperialism of its rivals. Nationalist and militarist assured people that if war erupted, their nation would emerge victorious and that they would always win because they believed that they could win no matter what. Pre-war nationalism was fueled by wars, imper ial conquests and rivalry, political rhetoric, newspapers and popular culture, such as ‘invasion literature’ written by penny press novelists. Imperialism had a large role in paving the road to World War I because monarchy ruled over a large numberShow MoreRelatedWwi Causes Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesAaron Carlson Period 2 – History III 3/29/10 WWI Essay – Causes of War Even today, the causes of World War one is still being debated and the great war started 96 years ago and ended 92 years ago. Yet today after so much time the main cause of the war still remains unexposed to this day. 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The most significant and immediate causes of this catastrophe was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie. Numerous nations were involved in this war, and two examples of opposing forces are Germany and Russia. World War I was resolved to an extent with the Treaty of Versailles, but it was not entirely settled. This is clear because World War II was a result of World War I. The assassinationRead MoreThe Guns Of August, By Barbara W. Tuchman900 Words   |  4 Pagesthe causes of the first and second world war, historians believe in one main cause of the first world war, also called the Great War, and that is the assassination of the archduke of Austria named Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo. Several novels have been written regarding this Great War but one book that sparks the attention of the public some years after this war occurred is entitled The Guns of August. Its title describes the insurmountable events regarding the first month of the first World War. 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Back Propagation For Classification ( Research Essay )

Back Propagation for Classification (Research Essay) Linfeng Gu Introduction This research essay mainly discusses back propagation used in artificial neural networks based on three research papers. From the second section, each section contains the discussion of one research paper. In the first research paper, researchers apply feed forward neutral networks with back propagation in medical fields and present several statistical normalization methods. [4] In the second research paper, researchers focus on a varia ¬tion of the standard back propagation algorithm. Since nodes of each layer are fully connected in the standard back propagation neural networks, huge computing resour ¬ces are cost to adjust weights. Therefore researchers pro ¬pose an exclusive connecting network. In the third research paper, researchers introduce an adap ¬tive gain for the activation function used in back propa ¬gation neural networks in order to get faster convergence and better performance in classification problems. Statistical Normalization and Back Propaga ¬tion for Classification Background Study In medical fields, clinical databases are recently becoming increasingly large so that more experts are needed to deal the data. Since the majority of the medical data sets are non-linear, it is difficult for people to analysis and classify a large amount of them. Therefore if there are some specific algorithms which could automatically handle numerous data, it could efficiently reduce the humanShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Echocardiography For Clinical Practice As They Are Used For Screening, Diagnosis, And Diagnosis2604 Words   |  11 Pages Module: Clinical Instrumentation Module Code: 5BM020 Echocardiography Word count: 1973 21/1/2015 Raj Chavda 1112009 Introduction In this essay I will be discussing the importance of echocardiography in clinical practice as they are used for screening, diagnosis, guiding treatment, assessing recovery and monitoring care. I will be discussing the principles in which make echocardiography possible, the importance of selecting the correct electromedical technique, the advantagesRead MoreThe Environmental Sciences2282 Words   |  10 Pagesedges associated with environmental dissociation is William Cronon within his Trouble with Wilderness essay. He deconstructs the relationship humans have with nature, by claiming that wilderness is no longer an abstract entity within itself, because there is nothing on this earth that has not made contact with humans at some point within our historical lineage (Cronon 1996). The classical classifications of Teddy Roosevelt environmentalism no longer applies to our given circumstances. Though he helpedRead MoreThe Concept Of Social Enterprise3413 Words   |  14 Pagesendeavour that results in social, financial, service, educational, employment, or other community benefits.† The truth of the matter is that the discourse about social enterprise is full of disagreement and ambiguity with no consensus on definition or classification. 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A look back at its brief history brings out several troubling similarities with economic science, in places where one might not expect to ï ¬ nd them. Game theory was invented in order to satisfy a mathematical curiosity. The diï ¬Æ'culty at the outset was to ï ¬ ndRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagessustainable forests. . Brief Contents Preface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Introducing organization theory: what is it, and why does it matter? Modernist organization theory: back to the future? Neo-modernist organization theory: putting people first? Neo-modernist organization theory: surfing the new wave? Postmodernist organization theory: new organizational forms for a new millennium? Postmodernism as a philosophy: the ultimateRead MoreToyota Supply Chain78751 Words   |  316 Pagesbeen admired by business practitioners and executives alike. 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An Inspector Calls Essay Example For Students

An Inspector Calls Essay Both Mr Birling From An Inspector Calls And Ebeneezer Scrooge From Christmas Carol Are Visited By Outsiders. Compare And Contrast The Two Characters And How They Are Influenced By The Outsiders.  An Inspector Calls is a play written by J.B Preistly in year 1908. An Inspector Calls and Christmas Carol have a main theme to them, which is about holism and individualism but we see how two similar characters dealing with these issues. The author is showing how wealthy rich business owners deal with social considerations and responsibility also. Charles Dickens writes the Christmas Carol. The play concentrates on responsibility and social considerations and also four outsiders visit the character in Christmas Carol. Mr Birling is the one of the main characters out of six in An Inspector Calls. Mr Birling is a wealthy business owner who we see fails to deal with responsibility and social considerations. In Christmas Carol Ebeneezer Scrooge is main character, he also owns a business. Scrooge also shows how he succeeds to deal with responsibility and social considerations. An outsider called Inspector Goole visits Mr Birling. Scrooge is visited by four outsiders they are; his late business partner and best friend Jacob Marley and the ghosts of past, present and future. Outsiders means ghost or sprit all, the outsiders that visit Mr Birling and Scrooge are sprits or ghosts. Inspector Gooles name is a pun on ghoul meaning sprit or ghost. The outsiders visit these characters due to lack of responsibility they show as businessmen and how they treat their employees. Also what their social considerations however these characters are individualist they think for them self not for anyone else. The Outsiders visit Mr Birling and Scrooge to preach holism. Conversely Mr Birling and Scrooge are similar, they both own business and their responsibility, which is to care for his employee not be individualist and to be holist which to think for everyone. But Mr Birling and Scrooge do not take care of their employees, as they are individualists. Mr Birling sacked his employee Eva Smith because she wanted only a couple of more shillings nothing more. Mr Birling sad that if he gave Eva Smith the increase in wages. Mr Birling considers his business first then his employees and him self-first as well. Mr Birling is greedy:  Well, its my duty to keep labour costs down, and if Id agreed to this demand fro a new rate wed have added about twelve per cent to out labour costs. This quote shows he is bothered about his labour costs, he does not want high labour cost then he will not make any profits for himself and also he self important he does not care if his employees cannot cope with their wages he does not show responsibility for his workers.  Scrooge does not let his clerk Bob Cratchet have Christmas off he says it is a way off picking a poor persons pocket on Christmas day, but in the end he lets him have Christams off but he can not have following day off:   A poor excuse picking a mans pocket every twenty-fifth of December. However Scrooge is moaning to Bob that he pays him for nothing because he doesnt do any work:   You dont think me ill-used when I pay a days wages for no work.  Both of the characters are tight fisted, they are very selfish because they do not let their workers have a pay increase. Both characters do not let their workers wages go up. Mr Birling sacked five ringleaders because of this. One of those ringleaders was Eva Smith, this was one of the first chain of events, which lead to her death. Mr Birling is not responsible because he does not care for his workers or their lives. All he wants is his knighthood: Shakespeare's Presentation of Isabella in Act 5 of the Play EssayImplying that he only enjoys them without the company of the misses and after meals. As we carry on, we see how Mr Birling stereotypes women and he says that there all the same as when they are out the room Eric says he left them in the drawing-room talking about cloths which he then carries on to say there all made over cloths and doesnt understand it, Mr Birling telling him that he must understand that women cloths are basically all they have to enjoy as there husbands are always working. Birling does not seem to like women very much, specially lower class women, as he describes Eva Smith wretched girls this showing that the men are not really meant to care even though the woman has just died because as long as he had no undertake in it, everything all right. When Gerald has admitted to having had an affair we see how Birling implies its a common thing Now, Sheila, Im not defending him. But you must understand that a lot of men- this tells us that the respect he has for women is not very high because if he can say that affairs are common within a man marriage, how must it be for the women. That quote also implies that he may have also had an affair in the past. Towards the end we see that instead of the men and women going against each other its the other way round, except its the older generation against the young, which is Mr Birling Mrs Birling, and Sheila and Eric teaming up.  The play finishes with the whole thing about the inspector being a hoax and then it really happens in reality, as if the past was being replayed. Throughout the play we mostly see the men doing the bad thing and the women covering up for them.

My Grandmothers Landuryroom Essays - Bathing, Bathrooms, Hygiene

My Grandmothers Landuryroom My Grandmothers Landuaryroom The first time I walked through my grandparent's house I thought the living room with all of its beauty was my favorite room, but I changed my mind. As I continued through the house, I approached the master bathroom, which was just lovely. Later I discovered that their bathroom was my favorite place in her house. The colors in the bathroom were peaceful. The reflection from the day lily wallpaper, towels, and rugs added a brilliant blue color to the room. When I was standing at the door, the next thing I saw was the curtain that hung above the whirl pool bathtub that sits in the opposite corner of the bathroom from where I was standing. The curtain was a beautiful light lavender blue. As I looked down, the shiny new white tile floor gleamed up at me. The fixture and bathing areas were just great. The stand-up shower with its graceful, clear glass doors really got my attention. The whirlpool bathtub in its own little corner had real day lilies surrounding it. The toilet with the oak surface seat and brass handle sat in its own little corner of the bathroom. The two-sink counter was beautiful, it had a brass tray with small, old perfume bottles on it: on each side of the sinks there is hanging medicine cabinets. I believe my grandparents's bathroom is the most elegant of all bathroom's that I have ever seen. I choose this part this place also because it is not an place most people go for beauty it a place where people go to do there business. I go there to relax or to just get lost in the elegance of the room. Creative Writing

The Large Hadron Collider and the Frontier of Physics

The Large Hadron Collider and the Frontier of Physics The science of particle physics looks at the very building blocks of matter - the atoms and particles that make up much of the material in the cosmos. Its a complex science that requires painstaking measurements of particles moving at high speeds. This science got a huge boost when the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) began operations in September 2008. Its name sounds very science-fictiony but the word collider actually explains exactly what it does: send two high-energy particle beams at nearly the speed of light around a 27-kilometer long underground ring. At the right time, the beams are forced to collide. Protons in the beams then smash together and, if all goes well, smaller bits and pieces - called subatomic particles - are created for brief moments in time. Their actions and existence are recorded. From that activity, physicists learn more about the very fundamental constituents of matter. LHC and Particle Physics The LHC was built to answer some incredibly important questions in physics, delving into where mass comes from, why the cosmos is made of matter instead of its opposite stuff called antimatter, and what the mysterious stuff known as dark matter could possibly be. It could also provide important new clues about conditions in the very early  universe when gravity and electromagnetic forces were all combined with the weak and strong forces into one all-encompassing force. That only happened for a short time in the early universe, and physicists want to know why and how it changed.   The science of particle physics is essentially the search for  the very basic building blocks of matter. We know about the atoms and molecules that make up everything we see and feel. The atoms themselves are made up of smaller components: the nucleus and electrons. The nucleus is itself made up of protons and neutrons. Thats not the end of the line, however. The neutrons are made up of subatomic particles called quarks. Are there smaller particles? Thats what particle accelerators are designed to find out. The way they do this is to create conditions similar to what it was like just after the Big Bang - the event that began the universe. At that point, some 13.7 billion years ago, the universe was made only of particles. They were scattered freely through the infant cosmos and roamed constantly. These include mesons, pions, baryons, and hadrons (for which the accelerator is named). Particle physicists (the people who study these particles) suspect that matter is made up of at least twelve kinds of fundamental particles. They are divided into quarks (mentioned above) and leptons. There are six of each type. That only accounts for some of the fundamental particles in nature. The rest are created in super-energetic collisions (either in the Big Bang or in accelerators such as the LHC). Inside those collisions, particle physicists get a very fast glimpse at what conditions were like in the Big Bang, when the fundamental particles were first created. What is the LHC? The LHC is the largest particle accelerator in the world, a big sister to Fermilab in Illinois and other smaller accelerators. LHC is located near Geneva, Switzerland, built and operated by the European Organization for Nuclear Research, and used by more than 10,000 scientists from around the world. Along its ring, physicists and technicians have installed extremely strong supercooled magnets that guide and shape the beams of particles through a beam pipe). Once the beams are moving fast enough, specialized magnets guide them to the correct positions where the collisions take place. Specialized detectors record the collisions, the particles, the temperatures and other conditions at the time of the collision, and the particle actions in the billionths of a second during which the smash-ups take place. What Has the LHC Discovered? When particle physicists planned and built the LHC, one thing they hoped to find evidence for is the Higgs Boson. Its a particle named after Peter Higgs, who predicted its existence. In 2012, the LHC consortium announced that experiments had revealed the existence of a boson that matched the expected criteria for the Higgs Boson. In addition to the continued search for the Higgs, scientists using the LHC have created whats called a quark-gluon plasma, which is the densest matter thought to exist outside of a black hole. Other particle experiments are helping physicists understand supersymmetry, which is a spacetime symmetry that involves two related types of particles: bosons and fermions. Each group of particles is thought to have an associated superpartner particle in the other. Understanding such supersymmetry would give scientists further insight into whats called the standard model. Its a theory that explains what the world is, what holds its matter together, and the forces and particles involved. The Future of the LHC Operations at the LHC have included two major observing runs. In between each one, the system is refurbished and upgraded to improve its instrumentation and detectors. The next updates (slated for 2018 and beyond) will include an increase in collisional velocities, and a chance to increase the luminosity of the machine. What that means is that LHC will be able to see ever more rare and fast-occurring processes of particle acceleration and collision. The faster the collisions can occur, the more energy will be released as ever-smaller and harder-to-detect particles are involved. This will give particle physicists an even better look at the very building blocks of matter that make up the stars, galaxies, planets, and life.

Financial Laws and Regulation in Health Industry Assignment

Financial Laws and Regulation in Health Industry - Assignment Example The rights are as named below: the right to amend the PHI, the right to inspect and copy the PHI, the right to request restrictions on particular uses and disclosures PHI, and the right to receive an accounting of the disclosures of their PHI. The consequences of non compliance are that the penalties of both the organization and the individual responsible for the breach are substantial. The civil penalties are determined on a tier structure based on the level of severity and intent of the violations. Require the covered entities to adopt the administrative safeguards to protect the confidentiality and privacy of PHI Among the needed administrative safeguards are the establishment of a compliant system, designation of a privacy officer, implementation of a compliance training programs for all applicable staff, and the implementation of appropriate sanctions for violations of the privacy requirements (Latham & Watkins, 2001). This is to ensure that the covered entities must comply with the security standards with respect to e-PHI. The compliance requires that the covered entity must ensure integrity, confidentiality, and availability of all e-PHI covered entities creates, receives, maintains, protect against any reasonably anticipated threats to the security or integrity of such information. Question 3 According to Pratt (2000: 383) argue that Stark law, also known as ‘the physician referral law’ prohibits a physician from making referrals for particular designated health services (DHS) payable by the Medicare to an entity with which he or she has a financial relationship (investment, ownership, or compensation), unless an exception... The civil penalties are determined on a tier structure based on the level of severity and intent of the violations.Require the covered entities to adopt the administrative safeguards to protect the confidentiality and privacy of PHIAmong the needed administrative safeguards are the establishment of a compliant system, designation of a privacy officer, implementation of a compliance training programs for all applicable staff, and the implementation of appropriate sanctions for violations of the privacy requirements (Latham & Watkins, 2001). This is to ensure that the covered entities must comply with the security standards with respect to e-PHI. The compliance requires that the covered entity must ensure integrity, confidentiality, and availability of all e-PHI covered entities creates, receives, maintains, protect against any reasonably anticipated threats to the security or integrity of such information. Question 3According to Pratt (2000: 383) argue that Stark law, also known as â €˜the physician referral law’ prohibits a physician from making referrals for particular designated health services (DHS) payable by the Medicare to an entity with which he or she has a financial relationship (investment, ownership, or compensation), unless an exception applies. They include:1.  Clinical laboratory services 2.  Physical-therapy services3.  Occupational-therapy services4.  Radiology and other diagnostic services (excluding screening mammography).5.  Radiation-therapy services and supplies

Political power of women Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Political power of women - Research Paper Example However, while women in the region continue to rise into the highest positions of leadership in the region, the rise in the number of such leaders does not result in the protection of the rights of women (Pamela and Melanie 65). The position of women in the two societies contrasts thereby depicting definite pattern of weak political institutions that do not consider the position of women in the Asian societies. The position and participation of women in politics should facilitate the inclusion of their rights and roles in the constitution as the essay below portrays. The democratic processes in the countries are illusionary and use the high political positions as rewards to women who lose either fathers or husbands in political assassinations. The Sri-Lankan female president for example rose to power after the assassination of her husband who served as the president prior to his murder. While the women hold the highest positions in office, they work in heavily bureaucratic systems of ten working under the influence of men. This explains the inability of the female presidents to improve the status of women in the countries. The status of women in Asia is appalling with some societies showing abject disregard to the fundamental human rights. The rise of specific women into the positions of power does not help address such deeply entrenched social structures that perpetuate the disregard of the fundamental human rights (Pamela and Melanie 231). India, the world most populous nation and a strong economy in Asia has had few women in leadership positions. This perpetuates the traditional stereotypes in the society most of which support the disregard to the rights of women. The recent case of a girl gang raped in a public bus in Mumbai depicts the hopelessness of women in the country. The incident portrayed the fact that numerous rape cases in the country go unreported. The police in the country lack the motivation to investigate crimes against women. The lack of both motivation and resources to investigate cases of crimes against women and bring the suspects to book as depicted by the actions of the police investigating the case of the young girl gang raped in bus shows the lack of representation of women in the society. The political system in the country does not uphold the values and rights of women thus compelling female rape victims to feel ashamed and shun any attempt to report such atrocities. The police force in the country consists of men who therefore uphold the laws that safeguard the rights of men often disregarding the plight of women. The police force in India for example requires effective reforms in order to increase the number of women in the force. The presence of a female president surrounded by male cabinet secretaries and male parliamentarians does not help elevate the position of women in the society. The change in political representation requires enactment of legislations that safeguard the rights of women. Additionally t his requires an attitudinal overhaul in order to influence the feelings and thoughts of the populace in order to recognize the rights and roles of women (Gelb and Marian 41). The solution to the social problems in Asia is improved female representation. As determined above, having a female president is not enough since an individual may not influence the political and policy changes required to alleviate the plight of women in the s

Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal Essay Example for Free

Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal Essay In the first hundred days of FDR’s presidency he passed fifteen major bills. One of the most famous was the proclamation nationally issued that all banks would be temporarily closed, forming the Emergency Banking Act. Other bills passed in this â€Å"Hundred Days of Action† include the Tennessee Valley Authority Act, the Beer- Wine Revenue Act, the creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps, and the Home Owners Loan Act. These and many other like bills were the shining light at the end of tunnel for Americans as Roosevelt came into office striving to end the Depression. Fireside chats, which were radio broadcasts, were a way for Roosevelt to connect with Americans on a more personal level while managing to give them a sense of comfort. He was able to give insight to the general public through these broadcasts. He gave Americans hope that things would be better and they put their trust in him. Successful in short term relief, the New Deal did not end the Great Depression but did push the economic circumstances to a higher quality. As far as long term effects are concerned our country’s governmental structure has been forever changed. After the New Deal’s policies were administered a dominant new political coalition was in place, in turn, creating Democratic majority that lasted for half a century. Roosevelt gave Americans something new and different to expect from government and pushed the country toward its post war boom that many say was the â€Å"golden age of American capitalism†. Through the New Deal and his presidency he formed our views and outlook to how the modern American government should and is conducted. Programs put in place by the New Deal gave hope to Americans in this morbid, bleak time. He gave us the layout in which we practice modern government. As said by Roosevelt, The country needs and, unless I mistake its temper, the country demands bold, persistent experimentation. It is common sense to take a method and try it: If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something. He tried and pushed forward through a troublesome, oppressive time that seemed as if it would not ever end. If he had not done so it is unimaginable to think what would have become of our country.

Culture and Values Terms :: essays research papers

High and Popular Culture High culture is a term referring to the "best of breed" (from some elitist viewpoints) cultural products. What falls in this category is defined by the most powerful sections of society, i.e. its social, political, economic and intellectual elite. The opposite of high cultural art forms, such as the opera, historic art, classical music, traditional theatre or literature; popular culture includes many forms of cultural communication including newspapers, television, advertising, comics, pop music, radio, cheap novels, movies, jazz, etc. In the beginning of the 20th Century, "high art" was the realm of the wealthy and educated classes while popular culture or "low art" was considered commercial entertainment for the lower classes. In the 1950s and 60s the gap between high and low art closed with the rise of Pop Art. Post colonialism This term describes the situation in existence since a majority of countries have achieved their political independence from Britain and other Western European powers such as Spain, France, Portugal, Holland, Belgium and Germany. Post colonialism describes the cultural, intellectual, political, and literary movement of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries characterized by the representation and analysis of the historical experiences of the victims, individuals and nations, of colonial power. A recent site of postcolonial change in the English-speaking world is the formal overthrowing of the "apartheid" system in South Africa. Post colonialism has transformed our sense of what we are about; and such impressive changes will naturally have important implications on English studies. Multiculturalism Similar to Post colonialism, multiculturalism has transformed our sense of what society and culture is about. Multiculturalism describes the status of several different ethnic, racial, religious or cultural groups co-existing in harmony in the same society. The existence of multiculturalism in the Western World today has expanded the English literary world, displacing the narrow notions of literature and increasing recognition of non-Western-European genres of writing, oral performance and cultural production for example legends, histories, laws, fables, anecdotes, oratory, song, chant, and song and dance. Culture itself is a broad term, therefore there are various views on what multicultural can mean. It can describe the existence of a multiracial society, in which case emphasis is placed on people's physical attributes i.e. Hair texture and skin colour. It can also describe the existence of multiethnic society, where the emphasis is placed more on people's social organisation or cu lture rather than physical make-up. Cultural differences of all kinds that exist in society can also describe the term multiculturalism, including differences of class, rank, caste, sexuality, gender, occupation, region, age etc. Culture and Values Terms :: essays research papers High and Popular Culture High culture is a term referring to the "best of breed" (from some elitist viewpoints) cultural products. What falls in this category is defined by the most powerful sections of society, i.e. its social, political, economic and intellectual elite. The opposite of high cultural art forms, such as the opera, historic art, classical music, traditional theatre or literature; popular culture includes many forms of cultural communication including newspapers, television, advertising, comics, pop music, radio, cheap novels, movies, jazz, etc. In the beginning of the 20th Century, "high art" was the realm of the wealthy and educated classes while popular culture or "low art" was considered commercial entertainment for the lower classes. In the 1950s and 60s the gap between high and low art closed with the rise of Pop Art. Post colonialism This term describes the situation in existence since a majority of countries have achieved their political independence from Britain and other Western European powers such as Spain, France, Portugal, Holland, Belgium and Germany. Post colonialism describes the cultural, intellectual, political, and literary movement of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries characterized by the representation and analysis of the historical experiences of the victims, individuals and nations, of colonial power. A recent site of postcolonial change in the English-speaking world is the formal overthrowing of the "apartheid" system in South Africa. Post colonialism has transformed our sense of what we are about; and such impressive changes will naturally have important implications on English studies. Multiculturalism Similar to Post colonialism, multiculturalism has transformed our sense of what society and culture is about. Multiculturalism describes the status of several different ethnic, racial, religious or cultural groups co-existing in harmony in the same society. The existence of multiculturalism in the Western World today has expanded the English literary world, displacing the narrow notions of literature and increasing recognition of non-Western-European genres of writing, oral performance and cultural production for example legends, histories, laws, fables, anecdotes, oratory, song, chant, and song and dance. Culture itself is a broad term, therefore there are various views on what multicultural can mean. It can describe the existence of a multiracial society, in which case emphasis is placed on people's physical attributes i.e. Hair texture and skin colour. It can also describe the existence of multiethnic society, where the emphasis is placed more on people's social organisation or cu lture rather than physical make-up. Cultural differences of all kinds that exist in society can also describe the term multiculturalism, including differences of class, rank, caste, sexuality, gender, occupation, region, age etc.

A Sample of Factors to Define Modern United States Masculinity

A Sample of Factors to Define Modern United States Masculinity | Introduction During the twentieth century there have been several leading studies, findings and theories to attempt to rationalize and explain masculinity and gender roles in the United States. Some have been based on biblical reference, others on pure animal instinct and some based on modern research. In the following pages I will describe my own factors and qualities that define what it means to be man; that is to understand modern masculinity in the United States.I will highlight and further explore the common theme of hegemonic masculinity and how it threads into our modern culture. You will see a â€Å"frameless framework† evolve; one that is not visible directly, rather it becomes visible only through the absence of tangible visual clues. In addition, I will explore the intersectionality of several roles the Western culture uses to define ourselves as men. Along the way I have included historical references to show how this has changed.In the end you will have a better understanding about intended, conscious choices as well as those unintended, more subtle elements which define modern Western masculinity. Hegemonic Masculinity When pressure is applied and the outcome is not written, verbalized or otherwise directly expressed as hegemonic. This likewise can be applied to gender roles, and most specifically to masculine gender. The dominant discourse of masculinity characterized by physical and emotional toughness, risk taking, predatory heterosexuality, being a breadwinner, and so on.Elements of hegemonic masculinity are commonly set up in binary opposition to their alternatives, so that anything other than the hegemonic form is immediately non-masculine (Divisser, 597) There are numerous unrealistic expectations placed on modern men; often fraught with conflicting values and outcomes. Often men are defined as men by actions, visual clues and memberships to social (non-visual) cliques. Throughout recent history gender (masculine and feminine both) have evolved, as they should have, and n some ways modernized to fit with current cultural standards. Theorists have historicized gender and detached it as an analytical concept from patriarchy, emphasizing instead the performative and discursive features of regimes of gendered power. (Nye, 419) Several theories have been introduced to understand how conflicts incur stress or â€Å"strain†. One such theory is Gender Strain Theory which roughly states how genders differently experience various aspects of life, including their gender.In an important sense there is only one complete unblushing male in America: a young, married, white, urban, northern, heterosexual Protestant father of college education, fully employed, of good complexion, weight, and height, and a recent record in sports. Every American male tends to look out upon the world from this perspective, thus constituting one sense in which one can speak of a common value system in America. Any male who fails to qualify in any one of these ways is likely to view himself—during moments at least—as unworthy, incomplete, and inferior. Phillips, 407) Additionally, men and women experience war differently even with the same uniforms, leaders, directions and mission the outcomes and experiences for each gender are distinct. The men who made the transition from citizens to soldiers were obliged to leave behind a sense of manly competence as heads of household for a life in which they lived rough, submitted to discipline, and survived on their fighting skills and personal courage. (Nye, 417) One important note is the sense of pride that an act, such as fighting for one’s country can inflict on a man.As much as he might love and identify with his country, the citizen-soldier fought for and under the scrutiny of his comrades in arms, out of the need to defend his personal honor and that of the fatherland, or—which am ounts to the same thing—to avoid shame. (Nye, 421) Some actions, either socially, publically and in some cases privately, also perpetuate an unrealistic gender stereotype. As an example, vendors of all types market to gender-specific audiences; one of the most gendered is beer manufactures.They spend an incredible amount of effort (and money) researching gender, role and the perfect campaign to stimulate sales. Masculinity may be conceptualized as a problem because of links between hegemonic masculinity and excessive alcohol consumption, academics, health professionals, the media, and the general public should resist the urge to equate (young) masculinity with excessive alcohol consumption. (Devisser, 612) Within the humanities, human and social sciences, there is growing understanding of identity as a normative ideal that is assured through use of categories like sex, sexuality, gender, race, and ethnicity.These categories function to regulate and â€Å"develop† ident ity by including and excluding particular characteristics in relation to an assumed â€Å"normal. † (Phillips, 416) Hegemonic masculinity thus refers to the social ascendancy of a particular version of model of masculinity that operates on the terrain of common sense and conventional morality that defines â€Å"What it means to be a man,† thus securing the dominance of some men (and the subordination of women) within the sex/gender system. (Craig 190) At the most basic level, masculinity can be understood as the outward expressions of being biologically male.In this way, male (and female) behaviors are accounted for through a form of genetic and/or biological determinism. The Y Chromosome, testosterone and other hormonal influences, are seen as creating a drive toward particular behaviors in men – hunter(breadwinner), being territorial, sexual promiscuity – that are expressions of evolutionary mechanisms designed to ensure the survival of the species and the procreation of the strongest genetic pool. (Robertson, 27) The model of the male hegemonic sexuality tends to presume the idea of a male heterosexual identity. This, in turn, implies some sense of sameness, commonality, and continuity.If not actually present, the search is nevertheless at least on for an identity—a project of knowing how one is a man. (Hearn, Connell, Kimmel, 190) Another theory that has evolved is the Psychoanalytic Object Relations Theory of Masculine Identity. It helps explain that a boy’s innate and fixed maleness is inadvertently undermined by the mother’s innate and fixed femaleness that emanates from the mother in the early mother-infant relationship. This undermining occurs, according to Pollack (1995), through the mother’s unconscious and conscious dis-identifying behavior. He describes it as â€Å"more than just a subtle emotional shift. (Phillips, 409) In a related, yet quite different approach, the Self-In-Relation Theory of Men and Masculinity Development that encourages sons and fathers (or mothers and sons) so ultimately not stay connected. Although painful this necessary coming-of-age does help complete the parent role and begin the maturity of the son. According to the self-in-relation theory of masculine development, disconnection from relationship is reinforced by cultural forces. Gender role socialization and gender stereotypes, for example, pressure boys and mothers to disconnect in the name of â€Å"normal† development and achieving maleness. Phillips, 411) This pressure to define oneself as a man has been a historically difficult and painful experience. During the early portion of the industrial revolution men no longer worried only about controlling their own passions; now they were fretting that the new crowds surrounding them would put them in a straitjacket. And sadly, at least to many of them, escape was increasingly difficult. (Kimmel, 86) Therefore in many cases men had to f ind common ground among themselves. For the first time they could help identify themselves as individuals by first define themselves as a group.Gender socialization, in this theory, provides the interactional component between individual and society in gender role identity formation. (Phillips, 410) Race and Age Marginalization For some men identity definition comes about by marginalizing other minority groups. By minority I mean other races, ages, social classes, economic groups, religions, etc. By downplaying others’ images it makes the man feel stronger. By comparison a hegemonic masculinity is asserted by denigrating ‘others’ who are not present. Mullen, 152) Although seemingly subtle this assertion has put countless marginalized groups further under power and further separated from a dominant class. External appearance and physical functioning are considered reflections of the self and symbolize social status. Thus, people whose body does not comply with the ideal rank lower in the hierarchy. Specifically, whereas the young body is a central definer of the ideal person, the aged body symbolizes the unwanted and turns into a subject of collective stigma. (Mersel, 74) This case of ageism pushes a lifetime of experience and expertise aside for the sake of ego and self righteousness.Interestingly, the division between two ‘kinds’ of people is supported by opposing stereotypes. Whereas youngsters are perceived as productive, independent and dynamic, elders are regarded as non-productive, dependant and static. A similar reversal relation is found in gender traits as well. In contrast to the gendered young and middle-aged adults, older persons are conceived of as devoid of gender. (Mersel, 75) In addition to the general relationship between aging and gender, the specific intersection between aging and masculinity further deepens the interruption in the masculine key-plots.One major reason is older men’s transparency. As a result of the aging demography, older men are constructed as pre-death. (Mersel, 76) Power Over Women with Pornography Another factor to help define masculinity is the self-centered and sexual pleasure derived from pornography. Specifically from pornographic web sites since the selection is so wide for individual tastes, the availability is as ubiquitous as the Internet and privacy does not usually become an issue. No discussion of these Web sites can ignore the attempts to devalue women in text and images presented.The sites objectify women, relegate them to means for satisfying â€Å"normal† (pathological) desire, and present them as sources of financial reward. While these women are represented as interested in sex, no matter how interested or willing these women are, they remain things to be used and left for the next object-commodity. (Cook, 52) No matter the sexual preference the center of this situation is another power-over situation. Rarely has pornography been produ ced that does not provide a point of view for a dominant male.Even with B&D pornography with a female dominatrix the woman is simply performing the man’s duty with â€Å"male gaze† enabled. Sex is then no longer the source of a truth, as it was for the moderns with their strong belief in science. Instead human sexualities have become destabilized, de-centered and de-essentialized: the sexual life is no longer seen as harboring an essential unitary core locatable within a clear framework (such as the nuclear family), with an essential truth waiting to be discovered. (Hearn, Connell, Kimmel, 188)Job Identity For numerous reasons men typically use a job as a major contributing factor to their identities. It can fulfill a sense of pride, satisfaction and other purely tangible benefits which are hard to combine in other scenarios. Clearly success here can be defined as a raise, a promotion, recognition and other benefits of a defined â€Å"job well done†. When pe ople of either sex success or fail at a task they typically attribute their success or failure to some cause—their ability, effort, luck or the difficulty of the task.Which cause is attributed in a particular circumstance is a result of such factors a gender stereotypes and neurotic pressures. (Steinberg, 98) Historically airline companies portrayed the pilot as rugged, schooled in wartime flying, courageous, and loyal. Passengers were made to believe that, in the event of danger, they were in the safe hands of experienced and courageous flyers. Stories of pilot heroism and courage were repeated throughout company publicity materials. (Mills, 175) In addition, there have been notions of a hegemonic masculinity that have also been threatened by the rise of the global post-industrial economy.This has ushered in different patterns of employment, resulting in the decline of heavy industry and the increase in service-based employment leading to the progressive fragmentation of cla ss-based communities. (Mullen, 153) For the sake of pilots flying had become associated with two types of danger – combative warfare and aircraft pioneering – both of which were associated in the public mind with men. (Mills, 176) Rapid industrialization, technological transformation, capital concentration, urbanization, and immigration—all of these created a new sense of an oppressively crowded, depersonalized, and often emasculated life.Manhood had meant autonomy and self-control, but now fewer and fewer American men owned they own ships, controlled their own labor, owned their own farms. More and more men were economically dependent, subject to the regime of the time clock. (Kimmel, 82) In addition the public had started to be trained to see heterosexual imagery in corporate materials was subtle and indirect – with references to the individual male employee or passengers and â€Å"his wife†. Mills, 179) American men started to feel themselves be leaguered and besieged, working harder and harder for fewer and fewer personal and social rewards. Women have not only entered the workplace but demand entry into men’s social clubs. (Kimmel, 299) In the end some men chose their careers easily and some chose them with qualms about the manliness or the morality of their choice, but the time came when each of them â€Å"first made trial of his talents† in a profession. Many years of hard work and even more of grand dreams had been spent in preparation for this moment.Young men often felt as if an audience of friends and family watched their first efforts at success. (Rotundo, 174) Relationships with Other Men One of the most visible factors which help define masculinity is male/male friendships. Generally men’s friendships are marked by shared activities. Their talk usually centers around work, sports and sharing expertise. Men also trade complaints and concerns about women, along with talk of exploits, but most o f the time their interactions are emotionally contained and controlled. Craig, 95) Peer friendship groups may be beneficial to men in terms of mental well-being, masculine identity is often (re) affirmed in such groups through misogyny, homophobia and violence that reinforces hegemonic ideals and can result in the marginalization/subordination of others. (Robertson, 110) One could consider groups of men to be â€Å"gangs† in a purely denotation sense, due to the habits and bonds formed between members. But in addition there are actions (passages, if you will) which may include drinking alcohol in gang life.Alcohol acts as a social lubricant to maintain the solidarity of the gang and also to affirm masculinity and male togetherness. It is a significant part of a number of gang rituals: initiation, funerals and fighting between members. (Mullen, 152) The central theme of masculine leisure activity in a beer commercial, then, is challenge, risk, and mastery—mastery over n ature, over technology, over others in good-natured â€Å"combat†, and over oneself. To that end beer functions in leisure activities as it does in work: as a reward for challenges successfully overcome; it also serves another function, never explicitly alluded to in commercials.In several ways drinking, in itself, is a test of mastery. (Craig, 82) To further perpetuate these values in advertising, nature is closely associated with both masculinity and beer, as beer is presented as equivalent to nature. Often, beer is shown to be a product that is nature and pure, implying that its consumption is not harmful, and perhaps even healthy. (Craig, 83) What conclusions could someone draw from this? What lens might these ads be using to sell their products? Yet again, we see masculinity, gender identity and other values (by their filtered definition) sold along with the product.Sexual Identity When sociologists, historians, feminists, and anthropologists began to study human sexuali ty they soon realized that it was often profoundly unlike that found in other animals. Of course there is a biological substratum that connects us all to animal life, but what is distinctive about human sexuality is that it is both (a) symbolic and meaningful and (b) linked to power. (Hearn, Connell, Kimmel, 187) Despite feminist progress the majority of modern men are still focused solely on the hunt.Today American men are still doing only a fraction more of the work in the home than they were thirty years ago. (Walker, 198) Several of the major factors in sexual identity are phallus-driven (for the sake of this discussion I’ll use â€Å"penis† to mean physical and â€Å"phallus† to mean symbolic). The problem is that the phallus-self immediately refers to the penis-self and the fundamental question of Western heterosexual masculinity (â€Å"am I man enough? †) refers directly to the possession of a â€Å"man enough† penis. The problem is twofold. It reflects a failure to imagine women’s pleasures in other than penile (phallic) terms. It also makes the penis the sole bearer of the possibility for women’s pleasure. (Cook, 58) Heterosexual adolescents may experience coming to terms with their questions about conventional gender ideologies and that the struggles may be keen and unseen by others. It also opens the possibility that the salience of these questions and the ability to resolve them may occur at different times in the development for girls and for boys. Striepe and Tolman, 529) Heterosexual masculine identity is an ongoing production of self that is underpinned by an unfulfillable desire to produce a centre and to generate a self that represses the initial primary identification with the mother. In short, heterosexual masculine identity can be understood to be performed against anxiety. This anxiety is a function of the (failed) repression of femininity that is central to the production of male identity. (Cook, 48) Two principal sources may be asserted of the (phallic) anxiety that is fundamental to Western heterosexual masculinity.One is the basic psychological process of separating from the mother, which is an essential feature of Freudian psychoanalytic theory, and particularly object relations theory. The second is the anxiety caused to men by the presence of the female, both as the unknowable female body and as the feminine within the male body itself. This anxiety has been intensified by feminism. (Cook, 50) To this end there have been expected â€Å"scripts† written for both male and female roles in society. These are expected, subtly, to be played out. Deviation from these scripts can prove damaging to one’s image.An example script for girls is to please their boyfriends but not to show any signs of their own sexual desire; the punishment for straying from the script is earning a negative reputation, that is, being branded a slut. (Striepe and Tolman, 524) Like wise an example script for boys is that they should always try to have sex, fueled by the anticipation of an uncontrollable surge of testosterone, and that becoming a man means having sex with girls. (Striepe and Tolman, 524) In both cases these scripts are written with a complete male perspective with the female role witnessed with the male gaze.Marriage and Masculinity Throughout history men and women in love felt driven toward a complete and shared understanding, they set an extremely high value on candor. Candor was something that connected two people who inhabited separate sphere. It moved lovers past the stereotypes of the opposite sex and confronted them with the real people obscured by the larger images. (Rotundo, 111) Again historically by marrying, a woman lost her name, her home and in most cases, the control of her property. She surrendered her social identity and put in its place a new one; essentially, that of her husband.Much of who she was became submerged in who her husband was. (Rotundo, 134) Today men and women can chose to embrace or repel this philosophy. Modern relationships should be built on flexibility and mutual respect; not solely on cultural expectations. It’s often said that both men and women â€Å"let themselves go† after marriage. This context-specific quote can mean letting their standards down—meaning losing quality metrics, or letting their bodies go—meaning not taking care of themselves physically, mentally or spiritually.This settling down may be marked by a change in the nature of one’s embodiment. The normal everyday body may increasingly be perceived as a functional, indeterminate shape body rather than as a physical, defined shape body. (Watson, 90) Raising Children and Family Life For many men becoming a father is one of the most rewarding and most challenging parts of a man’s life. The role of father begins not at birth, but rather long before that during the relationship-buil ding phase of the family.A father’s treatment of the opposite sex, his ability to control his own emotions, and his approach to work all play a formative role in shaping his sons’ and daughters’ approach to romantic relationships and marriage, interpersonal relationships, and school and work (Rosenberg, 23) When a boy has a loving relationship with a masculine, competent and nurturing father he develops the masculine characteristics of his father and insofar as the father is representative of his culture the boy develops the behavior and attitudes appropriate for a male. (Steinberg, 75)Some recall seeing very little of their own father because of work shift patterns or longer working days. A reaction to this is to want to spend more time with their children. Evenings and weekends become time for their relationship with the children. (Watson, 91) Fathers need to take an active role in nurturing their children. Many fathers mistakenly see this as mother’s w ork. It is a valuable way men teach their children that they are loved and respected, and it helps ensure that children, especially boys, do not feel the necessity to act out to get their father’s attention.Helping a toddler brush her teeth, reading a son a nightly story (even a father with limited reading) ability can still enjoy books with his child—together, they can look at the pictures and make up a story), and bottle-feeding a hungry infant all help foster a healthy, strong tie between father and child. (Rosenberg, 40) A child’s first few years are crucial. The grandfather must tell the grandson what the child said while still a fetus in his mother’s womb. Then, he must gradually help him build a connection with his father, who will help him with the hard challenges up ahead. Walker, 81) Fathers should acknowledge their mistakes to their children. When appropriate, they should be willing to seek forgiveness from their children. A father who loses hi s temper while disciplining a child should apologize to the child. Many men view apologizing to their child as a sign of weakness that will cause the child to lose respect for the father. The opposite is true. Apologizing shows a man is capable of acknowledging and facing up to a mistake, fixing the mistake to the extent possible, and committing to moving forward—hardly a sign of weakness, much more so a sign of strength (Rosenberg, 23)Boys need structure, they need supervision, and they need to be civilized. When raised in a laissez-faire environment that is devoid of leadership, they often begin to challenge social conventions and common sense. Many often crash and burn during the adolescent years. (Dobson, 230) Children who are deprived of masculine paternal presence are more likely to become defensive and rigidly adhere to cultural role standard or to avoid the behavior expected of their gender. (Steinberg, 73) Your attitude as a parent will shape the future behavior of y our boy.If he sees you acting like a spoiled kid, yelling at the umpire or referee, taunting other players, and throwing tantrums when things go wrong, your son will behave just as badly. (Dobson, 149) When a child grows into an adolescent, he or she must be initiated into adulthood. A person who doesn’t get initiated will remain an adolescent for the rest of their life, and this is a frightening, dangerous and unnatural situation. (Walker, 84) Boys watch their dads intently, noting every minor detail of behavior and values. It is probably true in your home too. Your sons will imitate much of what you do.If you blow up regularly and insult your wife, your boys will treat their mother and other females disrespectfully. (Dobson, 69) Conclusion Based on the various factors I’ve mentioned throughout this writing you may have found both familiar and new factors which have helped shape modern US masculinity. Hopefully you have a better understanding of some of the historical context as well as some context behind masculine gender theories. Throughout this writings I’ve subtly left out portions of text which provide absolute definition and allowed a frameless framework to emerge.This allows me to portray definition without specific parameters. In addition to this you have read about some of the various intersectionalities of man: race, age, power struggle, job, relationships, marriage, and children. Clearly this is not meant to be an exhaustive list, yet it does include many highlights from my own life. Even with that knowledge in hand it was necessary to continuously mention hegemonic masculinity since it gets so little attention in modern media (sort of ironic, right? ).The other key element I felt compelled to include was marginalization of several classes (other races, aged individuals and especially women). I wanted to bring special attention to the meaning and practice of hegemony and marginalization purely for awareness. Both impact all of us either through personal experience, through family, work or education. With this knowledge I hope others will make educated choices on your future interactions with all people.

Progressive Reformers Essay example - 625 Words

10/08/12 Progressive Reformers The Progressive movement has had a tremendous impact on society and preserving the doctrine of a democratic nation. The Progressive Era, which initiated between the years 1890 through 1920, was instituted because progressives who wanted to rid politics of corruption and inefficiency. Progressives wanted to curtail the power of the business trusts, and protect the general welfare of the public. The Progressive name derived from forward-thinking or progressive goals that its supporters sought to advance. John Dewey, who is known as the father of Progressive education, has been most influential in Educational Progressivism. His vision for schools tied to a larger vision, leading towards a good society. His†¦show more content†¦He states that â€Å"progressive education has recognized the fundamental importance of the interest of the learner; it has defended the thesis that activity lies at the root of all true education; it has conceived learning in terms of life situations and growth of character; it has championed the rights of the child as a free personality†. Child-centered educational practices are shared by progressive educators. The pedagogical method is object teaching. The teacher begins with an object related to the childs world in order to initiate the child into the world of the educator. The focus is on thinking and doing. Problem-solving skills are required to overcome obstacles between a given and desired set of circumstances. Education is not simply a means to a future life, but instead it represents a life to the fullest. Progressive educators view existing schools as being formal, not focusing on real life situations, and strict. They prefer variety in classroom preparations and informal interaction between the teacher and their student. Progressives prefer schools teach useful subjects (including occupations) and emphasize â€Å"learning by doing† rather than instruction purely from textbooks. This brought about schools such as trade and vocational schools. The student was placed at the center of thinking, â€Å"teach the child not the subject.† John Dewey’s model of learning is to: become aware of the problem, define the problem, propose hypotheses toShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Progressive Reformers1045 Words   |  5 PagesReform was the goal of the Progressive movement, and with that in mind the reformers had great success. Progressive reformers were made up primarily of middle class men and women whose two main goals were to limit the trusts and to improve conditions of life and labor. 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